Jeffrey Smith from Vanguard Africa, a pro-democracy organisation, credited efforts by Rusesabagina’s family to keep his name in the news and helping to convince Kagame that, “despite his public bluster” the case would become a protracted embarrassment. By the time Blinken visited Kigali last year, Kagame was open to talking about how to resolve the issue. Smith said: "We know that the wrongful detention of Paul Rusesabagina was discussed and that progress was made. Now, it's all about public choreography and a delicate dance -- this is especially the case for Kagame, since this is shaping up to be a major step down for a man, and a regime, not well known for acknowledging its missteps and mistakes.”

“I would contend that the public pressure on the Kagame government, mainly from the Rusesabagina family, is what ultimately prompted Kigali to sit at the negotiating table,” says Jeffrey Smith, whose group repeatedly criticized Kagame's human rights record. “This pressure — in the form of public advocacy, naming and shaming, and strategic global outreach — helped to create the space that was needed for a dialogue between Washington and Kigali.”

For the most part, the election cycle has provided reassuring answers to questions about the state of Nigerian democracy. That has consequences beyond the country. “You look at the backdrop of democratic retrenchment all across the continent, and it is all the more important that Nigeria is advancing,” says Jeffrey Smith, founder of Vanguard Africa, a nonprofit dedicated to free and fair elections and democracy in sub-Saharan Africa.

It was a bleak start to the new year for Africa, with the suspicious death of Rwandan editor John Williams Ntwali and the murders of Cameroonian journalist Martinez Zogo and Swati human rights lawyer Thulani Maseko of eSwatini. Within the space of three days, three outspoken and critical voices on the continent were silenced forever, wrote Jeffrey Smith, executive director of Vanguard Africa.

“I’m not convinced it will necessarily mark or otherwise lead to a shift in focus,” says Jeffrey Smith, whose Washington firm Vanguard Africa has represented pro-democracy opposition figures from across the continent. “In many ways, people are correct when they note the considerable decline in bipartisanship in Washington; however, there is still a convergence, often times, on policies toward Africa. I anticipate that trend to continue, even on issues of human rights, regardless of a name change that is likely just symbolic in nature.”

Election observer Jeffrey Smith of Vanguard Africa, a pro-democracy group, has said that the trove of leaked election data “cast doubt on the validity of the final results” and, while perhaps not material enough to change the outcome of the presidential election, “demonstrates the need for reforms to ensure transparency and integrity of Kenyan elections.”

In an interview with News24, his friend Jeffrey Smith, the founder of Vanguard Africa, a democracy thought leadership platform, said he will always remember Maseko.

"He was a genuine son of the soil, equally proficient on the farm with his family, as he was in the courtroom where he bravely challenged the Swazi monarchy and its overreach. 

"He was a fierce proponent of democratic rights in a country in which such activities were criminalised. He could cite lengthy passages from the Bible and Nelson Mandela’s biography alike, often rooting his activism on the wisdom contained in those pages. He was a friend and a fighter, and I will miss him dearly," he said.

Foreign Policy published on 30 May a commentary titled “Putin’s World Order Would Be Devastating for Africa” by Joseph Siegle and Jeffrey Smith of Vanguard Africa. “Putin is taking a sledgehammer to the foundation of the once stable post-World War II order,” they wrote, “by normalizing geographic expansionism.  Would be tsars in Africa are watching to see if Putin gets away with this brazen overreach and violation of established borders.”

Rusesabagina’s detainment was not enough to keep Rwanda from participation in the Africa Summit in Washington this week, a fact that did not escape the attention of Jeffrey Smith, the founding director of Vanguard Africa, a nonprofit focused on free and fair elections and democracy in sub-Saharan Africa.

“If the Biden Administration is sincere about building on ‘shared values’ and advancing equitable relationships with African citizens,” Smith wrote in a recent Time Magazine op-ed, “then investments beyond retrograde strongmen like Paul Kagame would be an ideal place to start.”

Some human rights activists have criticized the attendance of Mr. Kagame at the summit. Writing for Time this week, Jeffrey Smith, an activist who promotes democracy in sub-Sarahan Africa, said: “Rwanda’s president stands out as particularly cunning and ruthless in his full-throttle consolidation of political power back home.”